Understanding Neurocomplexity

What is the concept of Neurocomplexity?

Neurocomplexity is term coined by Lindsey Mackereth, MA, LPCC, LAPC. The official definition, “Neurocomplexity is the Gestalt interplay of neurodivergent wiring that includes increased complexity in the areas of: cognition, sensory receptivity (and processing), cellular responses, attention, creativity, and intuition”

So, breaking this down: Neurocomplexity allows us to look at the entire being, as a whole framing a unique set of characteristics, moving away from a disbility model, and embracing the complex interplay that the neurocomplex community lives with and navigates. In essence, Neurocomplexity refers to the understanding and appreciation of the diverse ways in which neurodivergent individuals perceive, learn, and interact with the world. This concept is rooted in the neurodiversity paradigm, which views neurodevelopmental differences such as autism, ADHD, and dyslexia as natural variations in human cognition, similar to biodiversity in the natural environment (Chapman & Botha, 2022; Hamilton & Petty, 2023). Another way of framing this is that we all have unique operating systems (similar to the operating systems of a computer like Android, iOS, Google, etc but they all exist in the digital realm.). By embracing neurocomplexity, we challenge traditional pathologizing views and emphasize the value of these differences, advocating for environments that support and nurture neurodivergent individuals rather than attempting to "cure" them (Chapman & Botha, 2022; Sonuga-Barke, 2023).

Neurocomplexity allows society to have a language to discuss the intricate interplay of cognitive, sensory, and emotional processes in neurodivergent individuals, encompassing areas such as cognition, sensory receptivity, attention, creativity, motivation, and intuition. This concept highlights the unique strengths and challenges faced by neurodivergent individuals, emphasizing the need for a nuanced understanding of their cognitive processes.

Cognitive and Sensory Complexity

Neurodivergent individuals often exhibit unique patterns of cognitive and sensory processing. For example, those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may demonstrate heightened attention to detail and hypersensitivity, which are linked to underconnectivity among cortical and subcortical areas (Masataka, 2017). This can lead to both challenges and strengths, such as the ability to process non-social objects in depth (Masataka, 2017). Similarly, individuals with ADHD may experience hyperfocus in stimulating environments, which can be both advantageous and overwhelming due to multiple sensory inputs (Sands, 2022).

Creativity and Executive Functions

Creativity is a significant aspect of neurocomplexity, with neurodivergent individuals often displaying unique creative abilities. Research indicates that students with ADHD outperform their neurotypical peers in verbal creativity, particularly in originality, while those with dyslexia exhibit high levels of figural originality (Pasarín-Lavín et al., 2024). The interaction between the default mode network and task-positive networks plays a crucial role in achieving flow states, which are associated with enhanced creativity and performance in neurodivergent individuals (Hutson & Hutson, 2024).

Attention and Cognitive Control

Attention and cognitive control are critical components of creative cognition. Neuroimaging studies reveal that creative thought involves dynamic interactions between brain regions associated with cognitive control and spontaneous imaginative processes (Beaty et al., 2015). This suggests that neurodivergent individuals may engage different neural networks to support creative idea production, reflecting a balance between focused internal attention and top-down control of spontaneous cognition (Beaty et al., 2015).

Individuals with neurocomplexity have a different locus of control and have an inherently different sense of motivation then neurotipical individuals. They are motivated by urgency, interest, novelty, challenge, immediate rewards, passion, and variety. Recognizing these motivators helps create supportive environments that enhance focus, engagement, and productivity. Understanding these differences in motivation is crucial when providing neuroinclusive therapy because it allows for tailored approaches that effectively support and empower neurodivergent individuals.

Implications for Engaging with the Community

The neurodiversity paradigm advocates for recognizing neurodivergent traits as natural variations rather than deficits. This perspective encourages the development of educational and work environments that accommodate and leverage the unique strengths of neurodivergent individuals (Hamilton & Petty, 2023; Manalili et al., 2023). For instance, personalized interventions that focus on individual strengths and address specific challenges can enhance learning outcomes and performance (Pasarín-Lavín et al., 2024).

Supporting Long-Term Outcomes for Neurodiverse Individuals

The neurodivergent model, through its emphasis on neurocomplexity, supports long-term outcomes for neurodiverse individuals by promoting environments that recognize and accommodate their unique strengths and challenges. This approach encourages the development of ecological niches (aka special interests) that allow neurodivergent individuals to thrive, rather than conforming to neuro-normative standards (Chapman & Botha, 2022). In educational settings, for example, compassionate pedagogy and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) are recommended to create inclusive environments that cater to a wide range of learners, thereby improving experiences and outcomes for neurodivergent students (Hamilton & Petty, 2023).

Furthermore, the neurodiversity paradigm encourages the participation of neurodivergent individuals in research and decision-making processes, fostering a sense of community and collaboration. This inclusive approach not only validates their experiences but also leverages their unique perspectives to enhance scientific and educational practices (Rosqvist et al., 2022; Sonuga-Barke, 2023). By shifting the focus from individual deficits to relational and environmental factors, the neurodivergent model aims to empower neurodiverse individuals, promoting acceptance, pride, and a sense of belonging within society (Chapman & Botha, 2022; Rosqvist et al., 2022).

The neurodivergent model's focus on neurocomplexity and ecological support systems offers a framework that enhances the long-term well-being and development of neurodiverse individuals by fostering inclusive environments and valuing their contributions. Understanding neurocomplexity involves appreciating the diverse cognitive and sensory profiles of neurodivergent individuals. By recognizing their unique strengths and challenges, we can create more inclusive and supportive environments that enable them to thrive.